Simultaneous Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrazine and Isoniazid Using H-Point Standard Addition Method and Partial Least Squares Regression in Micellar Media

The present study describes the application of simultaneous kinetic spectrophotometric determination of hydrazine (HZ) and isoniazid (INH), using H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) and partial least squares (PLS) calibration. The methods are based on the difference observed in the rate of iron (III) reduction with HZ and INH, in the presence of 2,2\u27-bipyridine (Bpy) and the subsequent complex formation between the resulted Fe2+ and Bpy in a solution containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a micellar medium. INH and HZ can simultaneously be determined between the range of 0.08−6.0 and 1.0−80.0 μg mL−1, respectively. The results have shown that by the application of HPSAM, the simultaneous determination could be performed with the ratio of 1:1000 to 1:12.5 for INH-HZ. Through the HPSAM analysis, the relative standard deviations of HZ and INH were 2.5 and 1.2, respectively. The total relative standard error for applying the PLS method to 9 synthetic samples, in the concentration ranges of 0.0−20.0 μg mL−1 of HZ and 0.5−3.0 μg mL−1 of INH, was 3.19. Both proposed methods (PLS and HPSAM) were successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of HZ and INH in several commercially available isoniazid formulations and satisfactory results were obtained.</p

Economic Appraisal of Investment Projects in Solar Energy under Uncertainty via Fuzzy Real Option Approach (Case Study: a 2-MW Photovoltaic Plant in South of Isfahan, Iran)

Investment in renewable energies especially solar energies is encountered with numerous uncertainties considering the increased dynamism in economic and financial conditions and makes investment in this field irreversible to a large extent, paying attention to modern methods of economic appraisal of such investments is highly important. A framework is provided in the current study in order to employ the real option theory in evaluation of photovoltaic plants comparing with traditional methods. To this end, first, uncertainty factors of these plants in Isfahan province (one of highly susceptible regions in Iran) are identified from the view point of experts and impact factor of each one on interests and expenses of the above plant will be evaluated in order to insert these parameters in the form of fuzzy numbers in the model for better coverage of uncertainty. Then, the project under study is evaluated through both traditional methods and fuzzy real option approach with the help of Black-Scholes model and the results are compared. The results disclosed that investment value in these plants is increased if real expansion and abandonment options are considered. As a result, the real option theory has a higher adequacy than the traditional methods for evaluation of projects

Simultaneous Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrazine and Isoniazid Using H-Point Standard Addition Method and Partial Least Squares Regression in Micellar Media

The present study describes the application of simultaneous kinetic spectrophotometric determination of hydrazine (HZ) and isoniazid (INH), using H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) and partial least squares (PLS) calibration. The methods are based on the difference observed in the rate of iron (III) reduction with HZ and INH, in the presence of 2,2\u27-bipyridine (Bpy) and the subsequent complex formation between the resulted Fe2+ and Bpy in a solution containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a micellar medium. INH and HZ can simultaneously be determined between the range of 0.08−6.0 and 1.0−80.0 μg mL−1, respectively. The results have shown that by the application of HPSAM, the simultaneous determination could be performed with the ratio of 1:1000 to 1:12.5 for INH-HZ. Through the HPSAM analysis, the relative standard deviations of HZ and INH were 2.5 and 1.2, respectively. The total relative standard error for applying the PLS method to 9 synthetic samples, in the concentration ranges of 0.0−20.0 μg mL−1 of HZ and 0.5−3.0 μg mL−1 of INH, was 3.19. Both proposed methods (PLS and HPSAM) were successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of HZ and INH in several commercially available isoniazid formulations and satisfactory results were obtained.</p

Diode Laser for Treatment of Symptomatic Hemorrhoid: A Short Term Clinical Result of a Mini Invasive Treatment, and One Year Follow Up

Hemorrhoid is protrusion of plexus or blood vessels in the anal canal. The hemorrhoid may cause symptoms that are: bleeding, pain, prolaps, itching, soilage of feces, and psychologic discomfort. There are many methods for treatment of hemorrhoid like, medical therapy, cryo-therapy, rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, laser, and surgery. All methods have some complication in postoperative period and recurrence.The aim of the study was to evaluate Diode laser for treatment of hemorrhoid.Material and methods. This study included patients who suffer from the hemorrhoid. Cases with fistula and fissure had been omitted. Patients with hemorrhoid in grade 2, 3, 4 and mixed were treated with diode laser. Follow up was done 1,7,14, 30, 90, and 360 days laser therapy.Results. In this study, 341 patients with hemorrhoid treated with diode laser were included. Results of follow-up were as follows: need for analgesia in hospital stay and home was very low total complication was seen in 12 patient (3.51%), edema in 8 patient (2.34%), hemorrhage and abscess each of them in 2 patient (0.58%), stricture and recurrence was zero after one year.Conclusions. All methods used for hemorrhoid treatment has advantages, disadvantages, and limitations. But treatment of hemorrhoid by Diode laser, which is done by skilled surgeon has several advantages over other treatments. This advantages include, less operation time, less pain and bleeding, allow quick healing of piles, no stricture, and minimal recurrence after operation

Association between ABO blood group and severity of coronary artery disease in unstable angina

BACKGROUND: ABO blood groups are genetically transmitted through chromosome 9 at locus 9q34. It is supposed that there is a locus on 9p21, which has a role in developing coronary artery disease. METHODS: Our study population consisted of 309 patients with unstable angina admitted to the Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran, Iran, who underwent coronary angiography. The association between types of blood group (O and non-O) with the severity of coronary artery disease was investigated. RESULTS: Compared to the non-O groups, the O group had more severe coronary artery involvement (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Our study supports recent suggestions on the association between blood group and coronary artery disease. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of blood group on atherosclerosis.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p

A novel ionic liquid/polyoxomolybdate based sensor for ultra-high sensitive monitoring of Al(III): Optimization by Taguchi statistical design

A novel ionic liquid electrostatically supported Nano-Cs-polyoxomolybdate modified carbon paste electrode (Nano-IL-PMo12-CPE) has been developed by using 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (Bmim.BF4) as a superconductive hydrophobic binder. The supramolecular gel (IL-PMo12) exhibits an ordered structure, various physicochemical properties, and specifically as a result of its substantial reversible self-assembly, it can be used as an intelligent ion-exchange smart platform in the carbon paste bulk of the electrode. The provided materials were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, UV–vis, and elemental analyses. As expected, a significant linear correspondence was found between the sensor output signal (emf/mV) and logarithm of Al(III) ion activity with a Nernstian slope of 19.9 (±0.2) mV decade−1 over a wide concentration range of 1.0 × 10−9 to 2.2 × 10−1 mol L−1 (R2 = 0.9997). The sensor considered, exploits an astounding lower limit of detection and short response time of 7.94 × 10−10 mol L−1 and 8 s respectively within the working pH range of 2.0 to 5.0. A statistical design of experimental (Taguchi method with Qualitek-4 software and L16 orthogonal array robust design) was implemented in this work to optimize the process to achieve the least number of experimental runs as much as possible. Ultimately, practical capability of the sensor was investigated successfully by assessment of Al(III) ion quantity in some aqueous samples namely mineral water, Al-Mg syrup, black tea extract, and ore samples (Basalt and Andesite), in perfect agreement with flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS).Peer reviewe